Christy+Pang

= **Lab Assignment 1** = The Sony Walkman a box-shaped electronic device without any digital display screen that supports standard cassette format only. The extruded buttons of Walkman are located along the side of the device. In addition, Walkman generally uses two “AA” batteries. In contrast to the iPod, the Walkman has a bigger size and is heavier. iPod has elegant and innovative designs: the 2.5-inch digital screen in the front face of iPod provides display for song names, artists, album names and photos. The Click Wheel located below the screen functions as the control buttons, such as menu, next, previous, play and pause. The surface of iPod is smooth because of the technology advanced materials such as hard plastic and aluminum as well as the enclosed buttons. Moreover, iPod has built-in battery with limited number of rechargeable cycle (iPod Classic, Apple). As a result, iPod is greener to the environment compared to Walkman.
 * Physical construction**

The digital display of iPod provides visual pleasure to the users. The detailed menu function makes iPod very user friendly and accessible; therefore, the users can easily browse through the music or video files by a few clicks, which all the files are categorized according to artists, albums, genres and more. While a song is playing, the screen shows the time duration of the song. Furthermore, there are many functions to make music playing more convenient, such as setting up a playlist, shuffling all the songs or repeating a song. This device can also be used to share photos, watch movies and play games too. Both the interface design and the exterior appearance of the iPod are more attractive in contrast to the Walkman.
 * Interface design**

iPod is a multimedia device. The internal memory of iPod is up to 160 GB which can store up to 40,000 songs; however, one cassette can only store 10 songs (iPod Classic, Apple). The mp3, mp4, aac, aiff, wav, m4a, m4p, h.264, jpeg and gif are compatible photos, music and movie files of iPod as well as other electronic devices such as computers, iPhones so that the users can sync these files utilizing iTunes (iPod File Format Compatible Guide, About.com). Moreover, the more sophisticated lithium-ion battery also gives iPod a lot longer battery life than the tradition batteries.
 * Technology**

iPod digitalizes the music and movie files through equalizer and stabilizer. Therefore, the user can experience higher quality of stereo sound with iPod compared to Walkman because it eliminates the acoustic noises. The smaller headset of the iPod is light and easy to carry around with the user. With the latest features of iPods, the users can experience better visual and sound quality and longer battery life as well. The innovative and unique product design of iPods has revolutionized the music player industry.
 * Delivery of sound**

“iPod Classic.” Apple.com, n.d. < http://www.apple.com/ipodclassic/features.html>. 10 Jan. 2010. “iPod File Format Compatible Guide.” About.com, Sam Costello. . 10 Jan. 2010.

= **Lab Assignment 2** = 1. Under each of the six categories, shelter, health, water, education, energy and transport, choose one project which interests you. For each category, describe how it is designed to alleviate poverty for the project's stakeholders. (6 categories x 1 paragraph = 6 paragraphs)

2. How does stakeholder analysis enable sustainable and socially responsible design? (1 paragraph)

3. List five characteristics of socially responsible product design. (List of 5 points)

= **Lab Assignment 3** = = **Lab Assignment 4** = = **Lab Assignment 5** =

= **Lab Assignment 6** = Bodystorming is a method or development to integrate ideas into physical objects and situation to test situations that may occur through social interaction between people. Bodystorming allows people to bring the abstract concepts that are brainstormed into physical experiences. Bodystorming can be applied in a physical location as well as any situation.
 * Defining Bodystorming (4 paragraphs)**

Each individual is different. The researchers are able to investigate more questions and problems other than tables and data collections. Bodystorming is demonstrated through different individuals in realistic locations in real life. Evaluation and experiences through bodystorming help researchers improves their design.

Bodystorming also reveals the immediate reaction and interaction between people and physical objects which the collection of data could not show. The immediate feedbacks helps researchers to understand the circumstances more accurate than looking at the data collection.

Bodystorming helps researchers to test assumptions and creates limits of physical objects or body. By reviewing these physical experiences, researchers can understand the relationships between people, technologies and physical objects in a better way as well as in depth. It is best suitable for designing that are accessible to the researchers.


 * Describe an issue that you would like to use bodystorming to research, analyze and investigate, and describe how you would develop a Case Theatre scenario to do so. (6 paragraphs)**

In Toronto, people creates over 30 millions tonnes of waste daily. Garbage issue become the major issues in Toronto. Besides, litter is another important issue which detracts the cleanliness and appearance of Toronto as well as requires large budget to clean them up. It is easy to see cigarette butts on the ground. In 2005, 22 per cent of small litter picked up is cigarette butts (Toronto Waste and Recycling 2010). In addition, other small litter is increasing on the street and around the corner of buildings.
 * __Litter Issue in Toronto__**

There are three major reasons that cause littering happens. First, there are not enough garbage and butt cans. People do not want to walk in a certain distance to throw out a small litter in a garbage can. They think that a small litter does not going to make the city looks ugly. However, many of these people make the small litter pile up and the litter issue occurs. Second, there is no punishment for litter. Third, the government does not call people's attention to the litter issue.

In order to reduce the litter issue, the government should increase the amount of garbage cans and install butt cans at the entrance of buildings, beside subway and bus stations, along the street and designed smoking areas. In this case, it is convenient for people so it can effectively decreases litter.

Second, the government should establish a punishment for litter. The police and security can charge a fine of up to 100 dollars for litter. Subsequently, the government advertised the punishment through daily news, newspapers and flyers. It can make people aware of the serious consequences and keep the city clean by not litter. The fine policy is helpful for the litter issue.

__**Case Theater Scenario**__ Find 16 people and set up a two scenes. Eight of them are good citizens who always put the litter in garbage or butt cans. Eight of them are bad citizens who always throw the litter on the ground. Eight of them are smokers and the other eight are non-smokers. First scene, there are enough garbage and butt cans and the second scene has one garbage can and one butt can. First scene includes four smokers, two of them are good citizens and the other two are bad citizens; and four non-smokers, two of them are good citizens and the other two are bad citizens. Second scene has the same categories of people. The scenes are set on a 50-meter street.

It is easy to see that the first scene with enough garbage and butt cans has very little litter on the street. The convenience of throwing garbage will reduce the chance of litter for bad citizens. The good citizens will feel happy because they do not need to hold the garbage until the next available garbage can. The availability of garbage and butt cans will effectively reduce litter and litter fine policy could be accompanied to discipline people. In this way, we all work together to make a better and clean City Toronto.